The IEP and the 504 Plan are the two most common support plans in public schools. Here is a clear comparison.
Legal Basis
An IEP is created under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). A 504 Plan is created under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Both are free and apply to all public schools.
Who Qualifies?
For an IEP: the child must have one of 13 specific disability categories under IDEA AND require specially designed instruction. For a 504 Plan: the child must have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities — even without needing specialized instruction. A child can qualify for a 504 Plan without qualifying for an IEP.
What Each Plan Provides
An IEP provides: individualized annual goals, specially designed instruction, related services such as speech therapy and occupational therapy, modified curriculum when needed, and a dedicated special education team.
A 504 Plan provides: accommodations that allow the student to access general education — such as extended time, preferential seating, read-aloud support, breaks, and assistive technology. A 504 Plan does not include specialized instruction or therapy services.
Key Procedural Differences
An IEP includes formal procedural safeguards, annual goal reviews, required team meetings, mandated progress reports, and the right to dispute decisions through mediation or due process. A 504 Plan is less formal, does not require annual meetings, and carries fewer procedural protections.
Which Does My Child Need?
If your child needs a different type of instruction — not just different conditions for learning — an IEP is the right document. If your child can succeed in general education with the right supports, a 504 Plan may be sufficient. If unsure, request a full special education evaluation from your district. It is free and must be completed within 60 days of your written request.